Wallet-Linked IBAN Accounts for EMIs
A wallet-linked IBAN gives a customer a euro account number in their own name: SEPA payments into it arrive as e-money tokens at a wallet address the customer controls, and a signed order has the issuer burn tokens and pay euros out by SEPA. The license sits with the credit institution or e-money institution that issues the token. Protofire builds the product side: signed address binding for wallets and Safe accounts, sanctions and Travel Rule hooks, daily reconciliation of e-money against token supply and 24/7 operations, plus mint and burn orchestration for an issuer's own token.

Reviewed by Luis Medeiros, Field CTO at ProtofireLast reviewed: October 2026
A wallet-linked IBAN is a euro account number in the customer's own name, bound to a blockchain address the customer controls. A SEPA transfer into the IBAN reaches that address as an e-money token, issued at par by the institution behind the account, and tokens the customer redeems with a signed order are burned and paid out by SEPA.
The token behind most public examples is Monerium's EURe, which our euro stablecoins guide compares with six other euro e-money tokens.
Protofire builds the system behind that account, for the institution that issues the token or for the firm whose app the customer uses. The euros stay with the licensed issuer and the IBAN provider, which carry the regulatory duties, and in a self-custody design only the customer holds the keys. Rules and issuer documentation are cited as read on 18 October 2026.
What runs behind a wallet-linked IBAN
A SEPA credit enters at the payment layer and leaves as a token at a bound address; a signed redeem order travels back the same way. Reconciliation compares the two legs every day, and operations covers nights and weekends.
Customer app
Onboarding and binding
Payment layer
Mint and redeem orchestration
Screening
Ledger and reconciliation
Operations
How does money move through a wallet-linked IBAN?
The six steps are the same whoever issues the token. On a licensed issuer's rail the issuer runs steps 3 to 6 and your system follows them through its API; on your own e-money token, your systems run them.
Onboard and bind
Get the IBAN
Euros arrive
Tokens are minted
The customer redeems
Euros leave
What are the six parts of a wallet-linked IBAN build?
On a licensed issuer's rail the six parts below connect your product to the issuer's e-money, IBAN, mint and burn; on your own e-money token, they run around your own issuance. Message formats, webhook signing and burn permissions below follow Monerium's public documentation and contract source, while the design rules (bind before the IBAN, key every mint to its credit, reconcile three records daily) apply whichever institution issues the token.
The onboarding flow we build requests the IBAN only after the customer has signed for the address that the IBAN's payments will be minted to. A wallet key signs a fixed message, which Monerium's documentation gives as "I hereby declare that I am the address owner." A Safe or another smart account signs through its owners, and the institution verifies the result with EIP-1271, the standard by which a contract confirms a signature made on its behalf. Owners who cannot sign offchain can approve the message onchain instead. Each signature is stored with the binding as evidence, and moving an IBAN to a new address or chain takes a new one.
Each customer has one IBAN, so an incoming credit already identifies the customer. Matching decides the address and chain, checks the customer's status and limits, and holds a payment that cannot be matched or fails screening for review or return to the payer. On a licensed issuer's rail the issuer mints on receipt, and the integration consumes its signed webhooks (HMAC-SHA256) to update your ledger and the customer's screen.
On your own token, the mint request goes out once the credit has settled in your safeguarding account, since MiCA requires issuance at par on receipt of funds (Article 49). Each request is keyed to its credit, so a duplicate webhook or a retry after a timeout cannot mint the same euros twice.
A payout starts with an order the customer's wallet signs. In Monerium's format the order names the currency, the amount, the destination IBAN and a timestamp no more than five minutes old. Verification of Payee, the check that the payee's name matches the IBAN, belongs before that signature, because the regulation places the name check before the payer authorizes the payment. On your own token we run it there, and on a licensed issuer's rail the product shows the result the issuer's API returns.
On your own token the SEPA payment leaves only after the burn is final, and a payment rejected after the burn follows a rule fixed in design, such as re-minting to the same address. Remittance text fits the scheme's 140-character field or an ISO 11649 creditor reference, so the payee can match it to an invoice.
The daily reconciliation we build compares three records: the e-money outstanding in the institution's ledger, the safeguarded funds behind it, and token supply read from the contract on every chain. Pending mints, held credits, payouts in flight and moves between chains each get their own line. On Monerium's rail a move between chains is a redeem on one chain and a dependent issue on the other, and the redeem does not finalize unless the issue succeeds.
Each break type has an owner in operations or finance, and since an issuing EMI must keep at least 30% of the funds received in separate credit-institution accounts (MiCA Article 54), the safeguarding side covers each account. The chain side comes from indexing mint and burn events, the job of our blockchain data indexing service, and a proof of reserve can publish the supply check onchain.
Receiving a mint and redeeming cost the customer no gas on EURe, because the issuer's system accounts submit both transactions. Only they can call the token's burn function, which first checks the address-ownership signature, as EURe's contract source shows. Sending tokens to someone else does cost gas, so we add a paymaster on ERC-4337 accounts, a relayer, or ERC-2612 permits, which EURe supports, letting the customer sign while a relayer submits.
The wallet type also decides custody. A self-custody key or a Safe leaves the customer as the only signer. An embedded or MPC wallet in which the operator holds a key share or a recovery power needs counsel's view on custody, given the payment-services rule in the rules section below.
SEPA Instant and the chains run at night and at weekends, so the system does too. We monitor webhook delivery, mint and burn times, payment status, reconciliation breaks, role changes on the token contract and upgrades on every chain. Incidents follow runbooks the institution approves, from an issuer API outage or a halted chain to a customer who needs a new binding after losing a wallet. We run it as part of our managed onchain operations, or train your team on the same runbooks.
What went wrong in the Gnosis Pay exploit, and how does our binding check avoid the same flaw?
Under EIP-1271, a contract confirms a valid signature by returning one fixed value. In its incident analysis of the 1 June 2026 exploit of Gnosis Pay's Delay module, CertiK found that the module read signature data from attacker-controlled calldata, so verification reached contracts that always returned that value. The binding service we build accepts that value only from the bound account itself and treats a reverted call as a failed check.
Should you issue your own e-money token or use a licensed issuer's rail?
The two shapes differ in who mints the token and who provides the IBAN, and our work covers both. A payment institution cannot issue e-money (E-Money Directive Articles 1(1) and 10), so it works on a licensed issuer's rail, as does a fintech without an e-money license. PSD3, which would fold e-money institutions into payment institutions, is agreed but not yet in force. An e-money institution or a bank can issue its own token.
Which rules change the build?
Three EU rules set parts of the design: when payments must run, how users are screened, and whether the product may hold or move customers' tokens.
SEPA Instant and payee checks
Euro-area e-money and payment institutions must send and receive instant euro transfers by 9 April 2027, and Verification of Payee has applied to euro-area payment service providers, e-money institutions included, since 9 October 2025, under the Instant Payments Regulation. Mint and redemption therefore run at any hour, and each IBAN returns the customer's own name to a payee check. The EBA's report on virtual IBANs flags how the payee check applies when a virtual IBAN's user is not the holder of the master account behind it. A design that puts virtual IBANs under your master account has to answer that case.
Daily sanctions screening
A provider offering instant credit transfers checks all its users against EU targeted financial sanctions at least once every calendar day and right after any new listing, instead of screening each payment (Article 5d, since 9 January 2025). The chain leg carries the gap Pooja Shah, Head of Product at Rain, described on The Protocol Roundtable: "one leg of the transaction is onchain and you don't really know who are the parties that have transacted up until the point of the off-ramp." On that leg we screen the addresses that send tokens to a customer, and EURe's contracts let the issuer blacklist an address so it can no longer send or receive the token. Our compliance integration service connects the screening vendor you use.
Holding or moving customers' tokens
The EBA has asked national supervisors to treat custody of e-money tokens, and their transfer on behalf of clients, as PSD2 payment services (EBA, June 2025). Since the EBA's transition period ended in early March 2026 (EBA, February 2026), a firm that holds customers' keys or moves their tokens needs a payment license or a partnership with a licensed payment provider on top of MiCA. A design in which only the customer signs keeps the product close to non-custodial wallet software, which MiCA leaves outside its scope (Recital 83).
Who runs wallet-linked IBANs today?
Most public examples run on one rail. In October 2026 Monerium, an Icelandic e-money institution that issues the EURe token, names Gnosis Pay, MetaMask Card, Safe, Rebind and Bleap among the products on its rail. Every verified customer on the rail has a euro IBAN in their own name, bound to a chain address, and Monerium's partner FAQ says the IBAN is "not a shared or pooled account".
The IBAN sits with the issuer, so it can outlive the app on top of it. Gnosis Pay announced on 21 September 2026 that it would close its consumer card and, except for withdrawals, its web app on 20 December 2026, and its help center says its users' Monerium IBANs keep working.
How does the account model go live?
Agree the account model
Run the money flow in test
A pilot month with real euros
Wider launch
Keep it running
Which accounts and payment flows can the system carry?
Which wallet and smart-account work does Protofire bring?
We deployed Safe on 120+ EVM networks and maintain those deployments, and our account abstraction service builds ERC-4337 smart accounts with paymasters and session keys; any of them that implements EIP-1271 binds the way a Safe does. The chain half of the daily reconciliation reads mint and burn events from an index, the kind we have built as subgraphs on The Graph since 2019.
Which guides and services sit next to this one?
Euro stablecoins guide
→Seven euro e-money tokens compared on redemption, reserves and chains, and whether to issue your own or distribute one.
Wallet-linked IBAN blueprint
→The reference architecture for this account model, with its regulatory position and the products already running it.
Crypto payments
→Card spending, on and off-ramps and settlement, including our announced partnership with Wirex on non-custodial card payments.
Stablecoin cross-border payments
→International payments settled in USDC or other stablecoins, with treasury and reconciliation.
Wallet development
→The wallet itself, from key management and smart accounts to the mobile app.
“The onboarding flow we build requests the IBAN only after the customer has signed for the address that the IBAN's payments will be minted to.”
A company treasury on a Safe binds its IBAN with an EIP-1271 signature from the Safe's owners, and each later payout is approved by its own signers. Our deployments cover Safe's contracts, indexing and interface.
Mint and burn events indexed on each chain are the onchain half of a daily e-money reconciliation. Our open-source subgraphs index Maker, Curve, UMA, Lens and Compound governance, among others.
FAQ
What is a wallet-linked IBAN?
Who needs a license in a wallet-linked IBAN flow?
Can a payment institution or fintech offer wallet-linked IBANs without an e-money license?
Is a crypto IBAN the same as a wallet-linked IBAN?
Can a customer get a euro IBAN for a self-custody wallet?
Does the Travel Rule cover transfers to a self-hosted wallet?
Do EMIs have to support SEPA Instant and Verification of Payee?
Can a smart account such as Safe hold a wallet-linked IBAN?
What happens if a customer loses access to the bound wallet?
Which parts of a wallet-linked IBAN system stay with the EMI's own team?
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